A QUICK GRAMMAR REVIEW
Parts of Speech
· NOUN - person, place, thing, quality, idea, or action
·
ARTICLE – Indefinite = a / an ;
Definite = the
·
ADJECTIVE - describes a noun (includes
in/definite articles)
·
VERB - an action word:
o Transitive - action passes from doer to something else
o Intransitive - action does not pass beyond the doer
o Linking= Copulative = Verb of Being / Becoming - describes doer
·
ADVERB - describes actions or
adjectives
·
PRONOUN - word which takes the
place of a noun:
o personal (I,
you, they…), relative (who, which…),
indefinite (some, any…), interrogative (who?
which?...)
·
PREPOSITION - relates a noun or
phrase (= Object of Preposition) to
something else
·
CONJUNCTION - connects words,
phrases, or sentences:
o coordinating (and, or, but), subordinating (since,
when, because…)
·
PARTICLE - an interjection (however, therefore…)
Parts of a Sentence -
each sentence needs at least a subject and a main verb
·
SUBJECT - a noun, pronoun, or
substantive (a substantive is a phrase or
clause which functions as a noun)
·
PREDICATE/MAIN VERB - states the
action related to the subject
·
DIRECT OBJECT - a noun, pronoun,
or subst which receives the action of a transitive verb
·
INDIRECT OBJECT - secondary
recipient of action of transitive verb
·
PREDICATE NOMINATIVE - noun, pronoun,
or substantive identifying the subject of linking verb
·
PREDICATE ADJECTIVE - adjective
which describes subject of linking verb
Analysis of Nouns
·
GENDER - masculine, feminine,
neuter
·
NUMBER - singular, plural
·
CASE - Nominative: Subject, Predicate
Nominative, Predicate Adjective
o Genitive: relationship (possession), definition, description
o Dative: Indirect Object, location, instrumental
o Accusative: Direct Object, reference, manner, subject of infinitive
o Vocative: used in direct address
(in Greek, case and number are indicated
by Inflection of the word which follows a Declensional pattern)
Analysis of Verbs
·
TENSE: Present, Future, Imperfect,
Aorist, Perfect, Pluperfect
·
VOICE: Active, Middle, Passive (Deponent)
·
MOOD: Indicative, Imperative,
Subjunctive, Participle, Infinitive
·
PERSON: 1, 2, 3
·
NUMBER: singular, plural
Clauses
·
Main / Independent (a complete thought containing both a subject and a predicate)
·
Subordinate / Dependent (an incomplete thought that depends on or is
subordinate to a main clause to make sense)
Sentences
· Simple (= a main clause standing alone as a sentence)
· Coordinating (= two or more simple sentences joined by coordinating conjunction)
·
Complex (= simple sentence modified by one or more subordinate
clauses)
MGVH – 4/2003